How is "weight and balance" determined for flight?

The determination of "weight and balance" for flight is primarily focused on calculating passenger and cargo distribution on the aircraft. This is crucial because it ensures that the aircraft is within its allowable weight limits and properly balanced, which directly affects its performance during takeoff, flight, and landing.

Correct weight and balance calculations help prevent adverse flight conditions such as stalls or control difficulties that could occur if the aircraft is overloaded or has an improper center of gravity. The distribution of weight affects how the aircraft handles and responds to control inputs, making it essential for safe operations.

While optimal engine performance, fuel load adjustments, and cabin altitude management are all important aspects of flight operations, they do not specifically address the weight and balance considerations that are critical in ensuring the aircraft is configured safely for flight. Therefore, calculating passenger and cargo distribution is the core element of weight and balance determination.